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Foreclosures are regulated by state law in every
county and parish within the U.S. The process is always similar. Each
mortgage holder must receive notice of the intent to foreclose and has a
right to bring payments current. The typical notice period is 30 days,
and notices are published as a public record. In the past, mortgage
companies typically filed notices automatically once a homeowner slipped
three months past due. You may have less time today.
Dealing with a foreclosure notice strikes fear in the hearts of
homeowners. Your future is uncertain, you must find a place to live, or
alternatively find a way to make past due payments. In most cases,
payments would not slip past due if homeowners have
funds available. For many people, this unfortunate situation is best
resolved through filing bankruptcy. Filing will save your home.
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The U.S. Bankruptcy Code, in 11 U.S.C. Section 362, contains a powerful
provision creating an automatic stay of proceedings. A stay is similar
to a federal injunction that prohibits all creditors, in all bankruptcy
chapters, to collect debts. The stay also specifically applies to
foreclosure sales. Once a case is filed, your mortgage company cannot
proceed with foreclosure once receiving notice that you file. Written
notice of filing provided by certified mail is sufficient and
indisputable, even though a call providing oral notice is also
acceptable.
The automatic stay is not a permanent injunction. In Chapter 7 cases, a
mortgage holder must bring payments current or the court will entertain
motions to lift the stay. The motion will be granted and foreclosure
resume if you do not make all payments that are due. In Chapter 13
cases, past due payments are included in a proposed plan. Once included
in a plan, payments are assumed current and the stay will remain in
place. When filing a Chapter 13 case, you must make a proposed plan
payment to the assigned trustee within 30 days. If this payment is not
made, the stay may lift and the case is subject to dismissal.
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The best time to plan a bankruptcy case is before receiving a notice of
repossession, foreclosure or eviction. By allowing more time to plan,
the benefits of filing multiply exponentially. You may optimize the
means test result with only a few extra months. This test determines if
you qualify to file Chapter 7 and the amount of your trustee payment if
selecting Chapter 13.
Planning bankruptcy does not require that you retain an attorney. Most
attorneys provide only one free initial consultation. Your means test
however changes each month. You may compute the means test yourself,
each month, and save $400 per test. To do this, you must use a
customized form to maximize your results. The official form is cryptic
at best and provides little meaningful guidance for individuals who want
to file Chapter 7.
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